During the current COVID-19 pandemic, although many industries are facing hardships and difficulties, some sectors are experiencing growth and a strong demand for more, short-term workers and skill-sets. This is great news for contractors who are pros at short-term, skilled project work.
Whether you are a seasoned contractor or are now considering contracting as a way forward, every contractor wants to know what the best, most cost-effective route forward is – whether that’s working through PAYE or umbrella.
To help contractors carve the best path forward, Umbrella Supermarket explain exactly how the PAYE and umbrella routes differ and sum up the pros and cons of both to help every contractor choose the best, most cost and time effective contracting option for them.
Option 1 - PAYE
PAYE simply stands for pay-as-you-earn - referring to the standard form of income tax in the UK. Under the PAYE system, tax and National Insurance contributions are taken from a contractor’s salary before it is paid to them. You will likely be aware of this method of taxation as the most common in the UK, with most employees paying tax this way.
If contractors choose this route, the PAYE agency becomes responsible for finding and securing their work and paying their salary through the PAYE tax system.
The contractor will pay tax in line with current PAYE rates based on the following tax bands:
England and Northern Ireland:
- Tax free Personal allowance: up to £12,500 per year
- Basic rate (20%): £12,501 - £37,500 per year
- Higher rate (40%): £37,501 - £150,000 per year
- Additional rate (45%): over £150,000 per year
Scotland:
- Tax free Personal allowance: up to £12,500 per year
- Starter rate (19%): £12,501 - £14,585 per year
- Basic rate (20%): £14,586 – 25,158 per year
- Intermediate rate (21%): £43,431 - £150,000 per year
- Top rate (46%): over £150,000 per year
Wales:
- Tax free Personal allowance: up to £12,500 per year
- Basic rate (20%): £12,501 - £50,000 per year
- Higher rate (40%): £50,001 - £150,000 per year
- Additional rate (45%): over £150,000 per year
Option 2 - Umbrella Company
When choosing between PAYE and Umbrella, many contractors understandably face confusion. After all, technically umbrella companies do not differ from PAYE. An umbrella company also acts as the contractor’s employer, putting the contractor on their payroll, processing their income and paying tax and National Insurance contributions on their behalf through the PAYE tax system.
So, what is the difference between PAYE and umbrella?
The main difference is that, unlike a PAYE agency who employs the contractor and finds their contract work for them, an umbrella company gives the contractor greater freedom to choose what contracts they work on and when.
The umbrella company still employs the contractor and pays their salary through the PAYE tax system, but they allow contractors more flexibility to decide what work they take on.
Option 3 – Limited Company
There is a third and final option – to operate under a limited company and pay tax and National Insurance contributions on a self-assessment basis.
Contractors that choose to set up and work under their own limited company will pay the same tax rates - their tax contributions are just paid differently. Unlike the PAYE system under which contractor’s tax contributions are deducted from their income as they earn, self-assessment contractors are paid a pre-tax amount and are then required to work out and pay their tax contributions for a specific time period – this can be monthly, quarterly or annually.